Abstract: Nanometer calcium carbonate is being used more and more widely as a new inorganic nano-materials. The performance of nanometer calcium carbonate is excellent because of its micro dimension and high specific surface area. So it has been the focus of research and exploitation in the world. The surface modification of nanometer calcium carbonate is urgently needed because of the two defects in reuniting and poor compatibility with macromolecule organic matter. The surface modification methods and surfactants of nanometer calcium carbonate were reviewed. The problems occurred in surface modification were analyzed. Finally, the future research direction of nanometer calcium carbonate were discussed.