Abstract: Because of serious environmental pollution potential risks and wasting marketable resources of hazardous solid waste in our country, we take tionite from sulfuric process and aluminum dross from aluminum smelting process as typical representatives to review their utilization technologies and harmless treatments at home and abroad. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) It is considered that the cyclone separation and magnetic separation are the two most widely used methods for the treatment of acid tionite in the titanium dioxide industry at present, but there are still problems such as low TiO₂ recovery and low grade. Although alkali method has solved the above problems and realized efficient and green recovery of titanium resources from acid tionite. Its poor economy and small scale need to be further upgraded. (2) There are many studies on aluminum dross treatment, mainly focusing on the resource utilization, while harmless treatment is the fundamental mean to completely solve the aluminum dross hazardous waste. In the future, it is suggested to further improve the toxicity testing standards and environmental risk assessment of aluminum ash, strengthen the monitoring and harmless management of fluorine, nitrogen and other elements in aluminum ash, and realize the commercial industrialization promotion of the harmless technology.