Abstract: The rare earth oxide (REO) content of a fluorite and rare earth mixed ore from Sichuan is 5.85%, the fluorite content is 85.69%, and there are a small amount of quartz, calcite, and other gangue minerals. To achieve effective separation and comprehensive recovery of two valuable minerals, based on their differences in properties, the rare earth magnetic separation−fluorite flotation process was implemented. Following the magnetic separation process of "one stage roughing, one stage cleaning, and one stage scavenging" a rare earth concentrate with a REO content of 66.32% and a rare earth recovery of 80.01% was obtained. The rare earth magnetic separation tailings were treated with 200 g/t of sodium carbonate, a combined inhibitor consisting of modified water glass and sodium humate at 300 and 100 g/t, respectively, and 100 g/t of modified fatty acid collector YK−6. Through a single−stage flotation operation, a fluorite concentrate with CaF₂ content of 98.29% and CaF₂ recovery of 91.69% was obtained, with all indices meeting satisfactory levels.