Abstract: China's tantalum and niobium ore is characterized by low grade, fine disseminated particle size, complex mineral composition, etc. It is necessary to select heavy separation, magnetic separationandflotation units to form a joint separating process for comprehensive utilization.Using the method of comparative analysis, the process mineralogical factors affecting the separating behavior of granite-type and granitic pegmatite-type tantalum-niobium ores were analyzed using Jiangxi Songshugang granite-type tantalum-niobium ore, Fujian Nanping granitic pegmatite-type tantalum-niobium ore, and Sichuan Jiajika pegmatite-type lithium polymetallic ore in which tantalum-niobium is an associated element. The analysis results show that: in granitic and granitic pegmatitic tantalum-niobium ores gravity concentration process, the state of occurrence of the tantalum-niobium elements has little influence on the separation behaviour of tantalum-niobium ores; The embedded characteristics of tantalum-niobium minerals are the main factors influencing the separation behaviour and index of tantalum-niobium ores; The sulphideminerals and strong magnetic mineral content of the ore is an important factor in the design of the tantalum-niobium ore cleaning process; When tantalum-niobium is an associated element, differences in embedded characteristics between the tantalum-niobium minerals and the main minerals can reduce the tantalum-niobium concentrate product specification.