Abstract: A novel pneumatic magnetic separator was developed to address the adhesion and aggregation of fine weakly magnetic materials and improve the captured selectivity in dry conditions. A mixture sample of hematite and quartz with a TFe content of 17.5% was used as the feed to investigate the separation performance of the novel magnetic separator for the mixture with different particle sizes. The experimental results showed that the novel magnetic separator significantly strengthened the dispersion between particles and greatly improved the selectivity of dry magnetic separation of fine particles. For the −0.038+0.015 mm hematite particles, the TFe grade increased by 20% compared with the conventional system under similar recovery. In addition, the aerodynamic field can eliminate the adhesion of −0.038+0.015 mm quartz particles to the surface of the −0.15+0.074 mm hematite particles, thus preventing fine quartz particles from entering the concentrate and reducing its grade. Finally, force analysis showed that the aerodynamic field can overcome the interparticle interaction and improve selective separation, but a high gradient magnetic field was required to enhance the recovery of magnetic particles.