Abstract: China has a large number of refractory fine−grained mineral resources, and selective flocculation technology is one of the effective ways to improve the recovery of fine−grained minerals. This article first analyzes the properties of fine mineral particles and the reasons why they are difficult to float. Secondly, it elaborates on the theoretical research progress of selective flocculation. Finally, it classifies the common selective polymeric flocculants currently available and analyzes and summarizes the research and application status of flocculants and selective flocculation separation processes in fine mineral particles. The main issues identified are the weak selectivity of the flocculants, high cost, environmental impact, and lack of flocculation equipment. The article points out that the development of new, highly selective flocculants, flocculation equipment, and flocculation processes is the future trend.