Abstract: The characteristics of mineral resources in our country are scarcity, fineness, and complexity, making the efficient recovery of fine particles particularly crucial. Flotation, as the main separation technology, analyzes the challenges in the flotation process of fine particles from the perspectives of fluid dynamics and surface chemistry. Fine particles, characterized by small mass, large specific surface area, and high surface energy, result in hydrophobic mineral grains moving along fluid streamlines during flotation, with low collision and attachment probabilities with air bubbles. Flocculation flotation, by increasing the apparent particle size of mineral particles, reduces the negative effects brought by the inherent characteristics of fine particles, serving as a significant direction for economically recovering fine particles. The paragraph comprehensively describes the advances in flocculation flotation theory, key factors influencing the process, and developments in shear flocculation and selective flocculation flotation. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation into the flocculation performance of inorganic, organic, and microbial flocculants, along with their applications in flocculation flotation. It serves as a reference for gaining a detailed understanding of the intricate process of flocculation flotation.