Abstract: The lunar is rich in iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr) and aluminum (Al) and other mineral resources. At present, in situ resource utilization (ISRU) is the most effective way to develop and utilize lunar mineral resources, and mineral processing is the key step of in situ resource utilization. However, the traditional mineral processing technology is not suitable for the lunar environment of low gravity, water shortage and extreme temperature, and new mineral processing technology needs to be studied urgently. Based on the types and distributions of proven useful gas elements, water−ice mineral resources, metal and non−metal mineral resources on the lunar surface, the obstacles caused by environmental factors such as lunar gravity, surface temperature, water resources and dust on the implementation of lunar mineral processing technology were analyzed, and the progress of simulation research on lunar mineral processing technology such as low−energy extraction, centrifugal screening, electrostatic separation and magnetic separation was summarized. The future development of lunar mineral processing technology is prospected.