桂西沉积型铝土矿地质特征及找矿潜力分析

Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Potential Analysis of Sedimentary Bauxite in Western Guangxi

  • 摘要: 为评估桂西沉积型铝土矿找矿潜力,提交精准的找矿靶区,缓解我国铝土矿供应紧张的情况,全面梳理了桂西主要沉积型铝土矿床最新勘查成果,并对该区典型矿床的含矿岩系特征、矿体地质、矿石质量进行了对比分析,探讨了地层岩性、沉积古地理、古地貌以及构造对成矿的控制作用,提取成矿关键信息并总结了找矿标志,结合区域成矿地质条件开展找矿预测。研究表明,桂西沉积型铝土矿主要分布在孤立碳酸盐台地中,台地周缘的生物礁灰岩是矿体的自然边界。矿体赋存在上二叠统合山组(P3h)底部的含铝岩系中,该岩系具有典型的“铁−铝−泥”岩(矿)石组合特征,其中部的铝质岩层是沉积型铝土矿的主要赋矿层位,含铝岩系露头是探寻沉积铝土矿的直接找矿标志。晚古生代以来的褶皱构造对矿体的形态进行了改造,背斜构造中的矿层被风化剥蚀形成堆积型铝土矿,向斜构造中的矿层得以完好保存,堆积型铝土矿是寻找沉积型铝土矿的间接标志,高品质堆积型铝土矿床周缘的向斜构造是探寻沉积型铝土矿工业矿体的有利部位。桂西地区孤立碳酸盐台地相区发育的上二叠统合山组(P3h)含铝岩系是探寻沉积型铝土矿的主要目标层位,结合该区地质构造特征及以往工程验证情况等4个找矿预测要素,在那坡−平果以及扶绥一带共圈定沉积型铝土矿找矿靶区14处,其中,A类找矿靶区6处、B类找矿靶区5处、C类找矿靶区3处,为该区沉积型铝土矿的找矿勘查工作提供了更加精准的找矿靶区。

     

    Abstract: The western of Guixi conducted its first comprehensive exploration of sedimentary bauxite deposits, carrying out ore prospecting prediction studies to provide more precise target areas for exploration. This article comprehensively reviews the latest exploration results of major sedimentary bauxite deposits in western Guangxi, conducts comparative studies on the characteristics of ore−bearing rock series, orebody geology, and ore quality of typical deposits in the area, explores the controlling effects of stratigraphic lithology, sedimentary paleogeography, paleogeomorphology, and tectonics on mineralization, extracts key information on mineralization, summarizes prospecting indicators, and carries out prospecting prediction research in combination with regional metallogenic geological conditions. Research indicates that sedimentary bauxite deposits in western Guangxi are primarily located within isolated carbonate platforms, with the surrounding reef limestone serving as the natural boundary for the ore bodies. The ore bodies occur within the aluminum−bearing rock series at the bottom of the Upper Permian Heshan Formation (P3h) strata, which exhibit a typical “iron−aluminum−mud” rock (ore) assemblage. The central aluminum−bearing rock layer is the primary host for sedimentary bauxite deposits, and outcrops of this rock series serve as direct indicators for locating sedimentary bauxite deposits. Fold structures since the Late Paleozoic have reshaped the morphology of the ore bodies. Ore layers within anticlinal structures have been weathered and eroded, forming accumulated bauxite deposits, while those within synclinal structures have been preserved intact. Accumulated bauxite deposits are indirect indicators for locating sedimentary bauxite deposits. Synclinal structures surrounding high−quality accumulated bauxite deposits are favorable locations for exploring industrial ore bodies of sedimentary bauxite deposits.The Heshan Formation(P3h) of the Upper Permian in the isolated carbonate platform facies area of the western Guangxi region contains an aluminum−bearing rock series, which is the main target layer for exploring sedimentary bauxite. Based on four prospecting prediction elements including the geological structure characteristics of the area and the previous engineering verification results, a total of 14 sedimentary bauxite prospecting targets have been delineated in the Napo−Pingguo and Fushui areas, including 6 Class A, 5 Class B and 3 Class C prospecting targets. This provides more precise prospecting targets for the exploration and investigation of sedimentary bauxite in this area.

     

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