基于NSGA−Ⅲ的露天铝土矿配矿优化研究

Research on Open−pit Bauxite Ore Blending Optimization Based on NSGA−Ⅲ

  • 摘要: 为解决露天铝土矿多采场协同配矿依赖人工经验导致的出矿品位波动较大、资源利用率低及选冶成本高等问题,急需开发适应复杂配矿生产需求的智能配矿方法。为此,创新性地构建以铝硅比波动最小化为目标的生产约束模型,添加连续开采约束避免频繁切换采场造成设备闲置和能源浪费,同时以均衡开采约束确保各采场开采强度相对均衡,从而降低实际生产的偏差。为求解这一复杂模型,并行采用非线性规划(NLP)和第三代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA−Ⅲ)双策略。优化结果显示,以国内某大型露天铝土矿为例,以依赖人工经验决策的传统配矿方法(简称“人工配矿”)为对照(铝硅比波动水平3.603%),非线性规划凭借对复杂约束的精确处理能力波动率降至0.315%;而NSGA−Ⅲ进一步发挥全局搜索优势,将波动率压低至0.019%,优化效果提升了一个数量级。结果表明,所提模型显著提升了供矿品位的稳定性,为露天铝土矿编制中期生产计划提供兼顾生产稳定性和经济效益的决策方案,具有良好的工程应用价值和发展前景。

     

    Abstract: The conventional practice of relying on manual experience for ore blending in open−pit bauxite mines consistently leads to unstable feed grades, inefficient resource recovery, and increased downstream processing costs. To address these limitations and achieve precise operational control, this study developed an intelligent ore blending methodology tailored to complex production environments, with the explicit objective of minimizing ore grade fluctuations and enhancing overall planning efficiency.By established a multi−constraint optimization model aimed at minimizing fluctuations in the aluminum−silicon ratio,the model incorporates two critical operational constraints: a continuous mining constraint to reduce frequent transitions between mining faces and the resulting equipment downtime, and a balanced mining constraint designed to synchronize the extraction progress of each mining zone with the planned sequence and intensity. To address this complex nonlinear programming model, we employed two optimization methods: nonlinear programming (NLP), which focuses on precise local optimization, and the non−dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA−III), which searches for the global Pareto optimal solution set.The proposed system was tested using three years of actual production data from a large−scale open−pit bauxite mine in Guangxi. Experimental results demonstrated a significant improvement over manual methods. The traditional approach yielded an A/S fluctuation rate of 3.603%. In contrast, the NLP−optimized schedule reduced this rate to 0.315%, while the NSGA−III−derived solution further decreased it to 0.019%—an improvement of nearly two orders of magnitude. Beyond grade stabilization, the optimized plans also enhanced operational smoothness by reducing unplanned equipment idle time and improving the stability of mining operations across different mining areas.This study demonstrates that the proposed intelligent ore blending model and solution strategy are effective methods for stabilizing feed grade in complex mining operations. NSGA−Ⅲ is a practical ore blending optimization algorithm that helps mining planners balance equipment productivity and resource utilization while maintaining consistent grade. It holds significant engineering application value and shows promising prospects for widespread adoption.

     

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