协同开采过程灾害防治新思路及应用实践

A New Idea of Disaster Prevention and Control in Synergistic Mining Process and Its Application Practice

  • 摘要: 当前,金属矿地下开采工艺发展的趋势主要为绿色化、智能化、协同化。对于复杂难采矿体的开采,“协同化”是现阶段采矿工艺变革关注的重点。为调和灾害治理与资源开采技术之间的竞争关系,对采矿工艺进行重构,使资源开采行为与灾害处理行为融为一体、协同推进,基于“协同开采”理念,提出一种“协同开采过程灾害防治”新思路,其技术本质在于“将地质灾害消解于采矿工艺实施过程中”。结合大新锰矿塌陷区下采矿工程的案例,介绍了这种技术思路的应用实践情况。应用结果表明:根据新思路开发的临时顶柱诱导崩落与无底柱分段崩落组合采矿法,协同开采技术可以很好地将灾害防治与资源开采行为统一起来,实现了将地质灾害消解于协同开采过程中的工程目标,同时显著提高了实验采场的回采率与生产效益。新思路将对矿山工程灾害防治提供了一种新的技术参考。

     

    Abstract: Currently, the development trends in underground metal mining technology primarily focus on green mining, intelligent mining, and synergistic mining. For the extraction of complex and challenging ore bodies, "collaborative mining" is the key focus of current technological advancements in mining processes. To reconcile the competing demands between hazard control and resource extraction, mining processes must be restructured to integrate and synergize resource exploitation with disaster mitigation measures. The essence of mining process restructuring lies in the deconstruction and reorganization of process components and technologies, aiming to establish a structurally stable, procedurally coherent new system that meets the practical technical demands of mining operations. Based on the "synergistic mining" concept, a novel approach termed "hazard control within the collaborative mining process" is proposed, whose technical essence lies in "dissipating geological hazards through mining process optimization." A case study of mining engineering in the subsidence area of the Daxin Manganese Mine is presented to demonstrate the practical application of this approach. The results show that the combined mining method of roof−pillar induced caving and non−pillar sublevel caving, developed under this new concept, effectively integrates hazard control with resource extraction. This approach successfully achieved the engineering objective of geological hazard mitigation through collaborative mining, while significantly improving both the recovery rate and production profit in the trial stope. This innovative approach provides a new technical reference for hazard prevention and control in mining engineering.

     

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