Abstract: With the rapid global economic development, the extraction of mineral resources has increased year by year. Tailings, the solid waste generated during mineral extraction and processing, are characterized by complex compositions and large volumes. Long−term accumulation not only occupies land resources but also poses significant environmental risks, such as heavy metal contamination, soil degradation, and water pollution. The research on preparing adsorbent materials from tailings offers a new approach to the efficient utilization of tailings resources and environmental restoration. This paper discusses the research progress in tailings resource utilization, analyzing the chemical composition differences among various types of tailings and their influence on adsorption performance, as well as the improvements in adsorption capacity achieved through tailings modification. The paper highlights the advancements in the preparation of various adsorbent materials from tailings, including calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), mesoporous materials, molecular sieves, ceramsite, porous ceramics, and composite adsorbents. It also reviews the practical applications of tailings−based adsorbent materials in gas adsorption, soil remediation, waste treatment, and the desulfurization and denitrification of exhaust gases. Furthermore, this paper explores the future development directions of adsorbent materials derived from tailings, emphasizing the innovation in modification technologies and the necessity for large−scale production. It also discusses the challenges and potential solutions related to the environmental impact of tailings−based materials, particularly in ensuring that the utilization of tailings does not lead to secondary pollution. In conclusion, the paper offers recommendations for promoting the resource utilization of tailings, providing valuable insights for the sustainable development of this field.