百年黄药:产品设计、合成与应用研究进展

A Hundred Years of Xanthates: Research Progress of Product Design, Synthesis and Application

  • 摘要: 黄药是一类重要的有机化合物,被广泛应用于选矿、环境保护和化学合成等领域。系统地介绍了黄药的结构、理化性质和产品设计策略,深入探讨了分子结构组装、量子化学计算以及定量构效关系研究在新型黄药研发中的应用,并分析了通过黄药混合与组合用药实现性能优化的途径。阐述了直接合成法和溶剂法两种黄药合成方法,总结了其他合成方法的工艺原理和优缺点。归纳了黄药在浮选、废水处理和精细化学品合成中的应用情况,并介绍了化学沉淀法、吸附法、化学氧化法、微生物法及联合处理法等黄药废水处理技术,展望了黄药的开发和应用发展方向。

     

    Abstract: Xanthates are a class of important organic compounds that are widely used in fields such as mineral processing, environmental protection, and chemical synthesis. This paper systematically introduces the structures, physicochemical properties, and product design strategies of xanthates, and deeply explores the application of molecular structural assembly, quantum chemical calculations, and quantitative structure−activity relationship studies in the development of novel xanthates. It also analyzes pathways for optimizing reagent performance through mixing xanthates and the combined use of reagents. The paper mainly elaborates on the direct synthesis method and the solvent method for xanthate synthesis, and summarizes the process principles, advantages, and disadvantages of other methods. It provides an overview of the applications of xanthates in flotation, wastewater treatment, and synthesis of fine chemicals. It also introduces various technologies for treating xanthate wastewater, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, chemical oxidation, microbiological methods, and combined treatment methods. In addition, this paper offers a perspective on the development and application direction of xanthates.

     

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