Abstract: The iron tailings is widely distributed in China and stockpiled in large volume, which results in serious problems including land occupation and environmental pollution. The iron tailings−based ceramsite, a kind of lightweight aggregate, is characterized by lightweight and high strength, low water absorption, and well frost−resistance, and can be used in building materials, horticulture, and water treatment. The types of ceramsite and the feasibility of using iron tailings as raw material for preparing ceramisite was discussed in this paper. Then, the preparation technologies for roasted ceramisite and unfired ceramisite were introduced and the products performance were compared. The reaction mechanisms for iron tailings−based ceramisite in roasting and no−firing processes were also analyzed. Furthermore, the formation principle of pore structure for iron tailings−based ceramisite and its research status were concluded. Finally, the problems that need to be solved in future and the development direction were put forward basing application status of iron tailings−based ceramisite. Overall, preparation of ceramsite using iron tailings has great significance to promote the recycling of iron tailings resources and environmental protection of mine.