Abstract: Coal based solid waste is one of the major industrial wastes, and its large−scale disposal and utilization are of great practical significance for the sustainable development of the coal industry and the protection of the ecological environment in mining areas. As a green mining method that combines underground disposal of coal based solid waste and "three down" coal pressure recovery, backfill mining has been rapidly developed and applied in the past 20 years, forming a technical system mainly consisting of solid and paste filling materials, and fully mechanized and continuous mining filling as the main processes. This paper summarizes the technical characteristics and classification of coal based solid waste filling and mining, represented by gangue and fly ash. The basic physical and chemical properties of solid wastes such as coal gangue, fly ash, slag, gasification slag, and desulfurization gypsum indicate that coal based solid waste has the feasibility of being used as filling materials. The compression characteristics of gangue solid and paste filling materials are summarized, and the characteristics of the two main filling and mining processes, continuous mining and charging and comprehensive mining filling, are analyzed. Prospects are made in expanding the range of coal based solid waste filling materials, improving the production capacity of filling and mining, and reducing filling costs, in order to provide ideas for the future development of coal based solid waste filling and mining.