Abstract: Microseismic monitoring is considered an effective method for monitoring the slope failure process of ionic rare earth mines. Distinguishing the shear failure process of rare earth ore based on microseismic signals is a prerequisite for achieving precise early warning of slope instability. The samples buried 1 to 2 meters were collected for experimental testing in a rare earth mine in Dingnan County, Jiangxi Province, microseismic monitoring technology was employed to conduct force−microseismic monitoring shear simulation tests under different moisture content conditions. The study investigated the microseismic signal characteristics during the shear failure of ionic rare earth ore at various moisture contents. The results showed that the generation of microseismic signals was well correlated with the rise and fall of stress. As the moisture content increased, the shear box's peak shear strength increased due to the influence of unit weight. The release pattern of microseismic signals transitioned from a mainshock type to a swarm−like characteristic, with an increase in the total energy released by the microseismic signals, multiple amplitude peaks appeared, and the release of microseismic energy in rare earth mines became more active. The dominant frequency range of the microseismic signals was between 3.72 Hz and 5.46 Hz, increasing with the increase in moisture content. The spectral centroid fluctuated around 6 Hz, and the average amplitude increased with the increase in moisture content. The research results can provide a reference for the identification of ion−type rare earth mine landslide failures based on microseismic signals.