Abstract: Lead and zinc are key basic raw materials for modern social and economic development. With the rapid growth of the economy, the demand for lead and zinc increases gradually, and the efficient recycling and utilization of complex lead and zinc mineral resources is becoming increasingly urgent. The effects of the variable floatability of lead-zinc minerals, overgrinding or dissociation difficulty for useful minerals, complex separation and recovery of associated useful components, metal ions, and deterioration of slurry environment by ore mud in lead-zinc beneficiation are reviewed. The research and application progress of the crushing and grinding process, beneficiation process, beneficiation reagents, and beneficiation equipment are summarized. Based on this, it is pointed out that the traditional crushing and ball milling process, consisting of more crushing and less grinding, brings in rod milling, semi-automatic milling, stirring milling, and high-pressure roller milling, forming unique crushing and grinding processes, and has become an important way to simplify the process, save energy, reduce consumption, expand production and increase capacity in lead-zinc beneficiation. Flotation is still the most effective and widely used beneficiation method for lead-zinc ore. Base on the differences in the natural floatability of minerals, a suitable flotation process is the key to efficient separation of minerals. flotation as the main method, combined with gravity separation, magnetic separation, sorting separation, and smelting, and fully utilizing the advantages of combined processes are an important development trend for lead-zinc beneficiation. The research and application of novel reagents and the combination of conventional reagents, especially the collectors with strong collection performance and good selectivity, as well as environmentally friendly, low-cost, and efficient inhibitors and activators, are always been the basic guarantee for clean and efficient recovery of lead-zinc ore. Combining the properties of the ore and the production scale of the beneficiation plant, the suitable uses of semi-automatic mills, high-pressure roller mills, mobile crusher stations, stirring mills, and flotation columns, are of great significance in improving resource utilization and production efficiency, reducing production costs, and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction.