Abstract: Taking the natural quartz sand of a river and lake deposit in Shaanxi as the research object, the quartz sand was systematically studied by modern testing techniques such as XRD, XRF, EPMA and optical microscope. The results showed that the SiO₂ content of the quartz sand after desilting was 84.54%, and the impurity elements were mainly Al, K, Na, Fe, etc. The minerals were mainly quartz, and the gangue minerals were albite, potassium feldspar, sericite and hematite. Under the polarizing microscope, the sand particles could be mainly divided into lithic sand particles and quartz and other mineral monomer sand particles. The monomer mineral sand particles accounted for 70%, and the lithic sand particles accounted for 30%. Debris sand could be further divided into quartzite debris, flint debris, mica quartz schist debris, quartz sandstone debris, phyllite debris; the monomeric mineral sand particles were mainly quartz, with a small amount of feldspar type. The crushing rate ( stress 28 MPa ) of fine sand after scrubbing classification was 8.5%, with the average sphericity 0.72, the average roundness 0.68, and the turbidity 30.25 FTU, which met the standard of proppant for petroleum industry.