Abstract: In order to realize the resource utilization of bauxite tailings, the study used bauxite tailings as raw materials and prepared corundum-mullite-based ceramic materials by direct firing process. This experiment mainly studied the phase transition behavior and morphological change law of bauxite tailings during high-temperature firing, and the influence of firing temperature on the mechanical properties of ceramics. The results showed that with the increase of firing temperature, the physical phase composition of the sample was finally transformed into corundum and mullite, etc. from duralum hydrate, kaolinite and illite, etc. The morphology of the sample became more and more dense until a large number of glass phases were formed, the bulk density and compressive strength of the sample first became larger and then decreased, and when the firing temperature was 1 100℃, the compressive strength of the sample reached the highest value of 225 MPa.