Abstract: As a very valuable rare metal mineral, it was widely used in traditional fields of chemical engineering, biology, medicine, physics, electronic devices and emerging fields of aviation, energy, information science and other industries. Cesium mineral resources in the world are mainly distributed in Australia, Canada, Namibia, Zimbabwe and other countries. The United States and Japan are the world's most important consumers of cesium resources. Their development and utilization accounts were a high proportion in emerging fields. As a non-dominant mineral, cesium resources of China lags far behind the United States, Japan and other countries in terms of development and utilization degree and secondary recycling. It is mainly used in traditional fields and industries. At present cesium extraction is mainly concentrated from orebody minerals, but liquid minerals will become the focus of future development. The extraction process mainly includes acid leaching, alkali decomposition, ion exchange and precipitation. In order to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of China's cesium resource industry chain, suggestions are put forward to strengthen the global cesium resource industry and technical information exchange; improve the technical level of cesium resource mining, separation, metallurgy and deep processing and expand the application fields; encourage Chinese enterprises to participate in global mergers and acquisitions and layout of cesium metal industry chain.