Abstract: The exploitation of mineral resources will produce a large amount of wastewater during the separation process. The wastewater contains acids, alkalis, suspended solids, heavy metal ions and various residual flotation reagents, etc., which will cause serious pollution to the mining environment. To improve the ecological environment of mines, it is urgent to treat these wastewater. This article introduces the basic characteristics and hazards of beneficiation wastewater as well as summarizes the main methods of current beneficiation wastewater treatment. The treatment method is first simple coagulation, flocculation and acid-base neutralization, then more complex chemical precipitation and chemical oxidation, and finally more comprehensive constructed wetland and microbial treatment. The prospect for the future development of mineral processing wastewater treatment is put forward.