Abstract: Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a kind of new nano clay with double-layer structure, which have excellent physical and chemical properties. This paper briefly describes the chemical composition, structure and properties of LDHs, summarizes and analyzes the main preparation methods of LDHs, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and focuses on the application research and application of LDHs in the field of building materials, including the application in cement and cement-based concrete, asphalt, building organic high molecular materials. In the end, the paper provides an outlook for the research development trend and direction of LDHs in the field of building materials.