Abstract: The characteristics of Bayan Obo's niobium resources, progress of beneficiation technology and development trend are reviewed detail. It is pointed out that the complex nature of Bayan Obo's ore is the main factor that makes effective use of niobium resources difficult. There are few studies on the treatment of Bayan Obo niobium resources by a single beneficiation process, mainly the combined separation of gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation and other processes, and chemical beneficiation. In view of the problems in the development and utilization of niobium resources, the idea of first use of traditional beneficiation methods to obtain niobium concentrate by pre-concentration and then chlorination -roasting of the niobium concentrate is proposed, which has a good application prospect for the development and utilization of this niobium resource.