Abstract: Geopolymer is a new type of inorganic cementitious material made from active silicoalumina material and liquid activator as main raw materials. It has a wide range of raw materials, superior performance and broad development prospects. This article introduces the structure and polymerization mechanism of geopolymers. Explains the synthetic raw materials, preparation methods and characteristics of geopolymers. Summarize the important factors affecting the performance of geopolymers. In addition, the problems of geopolymers are analyzed and their future development directions are prospected.