Abstract: Fly ash is a kind of solid waste produced after coal combustion. After a long period of accumulation, it takes up a lot of land resources and causes serious environmental pollution problems. The comprehensive utilization of fly ash resources is becoming more and more important. The paper introduces the physicochemical properties and classification of fly ash in China, summarizes in detail the methods and research status of the recovery and high value-added application of useful components of fly ash in China. And briefly describes the current status of the application of fly ash in the fields of construction engineering, agriculture and environmental protection, accurately analyzes the problems in the utilization of fly ash in China, and prospects its development prospect. It has promoted the rapid development of efficient and comprehensive utilization of fly ash in China and promoted the sustainable development of mineral resources.