Abstract: Continuous basalt fiber (CBF) is made from natural basalt ore at high temperatures. Due to the fact that CBF is much longer than asbestos fiber, and is not easily inhaled by lungs, the CBF was believed as an eco-friendly and sustainable green material. Compared with glass fiber, CBF has excellent alkali resistance, wide temperature resistance, high strength, heat insulation and high dielectric properties. However, the current CBF production is not high, there are many reasons, including raw materials, equipment, processes and many other problems. This review gives the empirical rules of the influence of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO+Fe₂O₃ and other main components on the drawing process in CBF raw materials, and analyzes the influencing factors such as leakage plate, kiln homogenization, sizing agent and melting technology, which makes the reader understand the CBF production process. At the same time, this paper introduces the status of basalt resources and CBF industry, CBF composite material research and CBF application fields. The content includes not only traditional fields such as construction, fire and heat insulation, but also high-tech fields such as lightweight of automobile, filtration and environmental protection and electronic technology. Finally, the problems existing in the development of CBF in China are briefly described and the prospects are given.