Abstract: At present, the utilization of coal gangue is one of the important contents of solid waste disposal and utilization. The comprehensive utilization of coal gangue is closely related to its ore properties, but there are few related researches on the distribution of elements, the existing forms of phases, and the micro-morphology of coal gangue components. In this paper, the process mineralogy of coal gangue in Shuozhou region of China was studied. XRD, XRF, EDS, SEM and other methods were used to find out that the coal gangue is composed of quartz, kaolin, pyrite, illite and rutile, and most of them exist in the form of aggregates, and the micro-morphology of its particles was lamellar or scaly. The content of useful mineral kaolinite in coal gangue was 56.3%., followed by quartz 21.1%, illite 15%. Iron impurities mainly existed in pyrite with a content of 6.5%.Calcination test of coal gangue shows that: Pyrite began to be oxidized at 850 ℃ to form hematite. When calcined at 1 000 ℃ for 2 hours, the carbon content in coal gangue was reduced to below 0.1%, and the sulfur content was also reduced to 1.74%. In the temperature range of 900~1 000 ℃, kaolinite was transformed into amorphous metakaolin.