Abstract: With the development of global science and technology, the energy demand and consumption is sharply increased. The beneficiation and utilization of lithium riched mineral resources have received widespread attention. This review article provides the lithium resource distribution and its physical and chemical property, and discusses the progress made in its extraction method and the application of lithium-rich minerals in lithium-ion battery materials and high-performance composite materials. In summary, China's lithium resources are abundant, but the utilization level is low and can't satisfy the high-need demand. Most of high grade lithium resources depend on imports. It is urgent to develop advanced mining and extraction method and improve the comprehensive utilization level of lithium mineral resources. Furthermore, it is the key to probe new application of lithium mineral in advanced material, new energy and so on.