Abstract: In order to explore the mineralogical characteristics of liumao graphite ore in heilongjiang province, the minerals are characterized by means of XRF, XRD, Raman to explore the chemical composition, mineral composition, crystal structure. The results show that the main chemical composition of liumao graphite ore include C, SiO₂, CaO, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and so on. The gangue minerals in the graphite ore samples mainly include quartz, mica (mainly phlogopite), feldspar (orthoclase and microcline), montmorillonite, grossular and a small amount of illite, pyroxene, grammite and so on. The crystal cell parameters of the graphite vary from 0.2444 nm to 0.2473 nm, and its crystal cell volumes vary from 0.0347 nm³ to 0.0355 nm³. Graphite is mainly distributed in banded with gangue minerals, and a small amount of graphite particles embedded in the gangue minerals in a stellate shape. Raman spectroscopy analysis of graphite samples after dissociation and purification method showed that the graphitization degree of the graphite samples in same sampling layers is different, and the perfection degree of graphite crystal structure is different, with R (I_D/I_G) ranging from 0.07 to 0.21. The content of 3R polymorphism (Rh) in graphite samples was different at different sampling layers.