Abstract: As the cleanest fossil energy, natural gas plays an important role in human life and is the representative of green and clean energy. In the international context of tackling climate change and promoting green and low-carbon energy transformation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become the common goal of all countries in the world. This paper systematically studies the distribution characteristics, supply and demand of global natural gas resources. On this basis, the distribution characteristics, consumption status and trend of China's natural gas resources are analyzed, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward for the problems of China's high external dependence and high political risk caused by excessively concentrated import sources. It is suggested that we should strengthen domestic natural gas exploration and storage and infrastructure construction, and promote cooperation in natural gas exploration and construction of natural gas resources safety monitoring and risk warning platform in the countries along the belt and road.