Abstract: The contents of soil heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn, Cr, Ni) in a copper mine in the alpine desert were analyzed, and a brief evaluation was given. The pollution scope of heavy metals was studied based on a certain range of encrypted sampling in the active mining area, which was collected in combination with predominant wind direction and the direction of river. The results showed that:(1) The overall soil environmental quality in the copper mining area was generally good except that the contents of As, Pb and Cu elements in a small amount of samples distributed in the area around the rock waste dump were higher than the standard(GB15618-2018); (2) The heavy metal pollution around the rock waste dump was small, which was concentrated within 200 m, and the contaminated soil was less than 40 cm in depth; (3) Within 200 m from the dominant wind direction of tailings pond, there was a certain degree of enrichment of heavy metal elements; (4) In the alpine desert area, the climate was cold, dry, less rain, windy all year round, and evaporation was strong. The main influencing factors for the diffusion of heavy metals in the soil were wind and water, and the vertical transmission was weak.