Abstract: In order to study the soil heavy metal pollution near the iron mine region, the soil samples from a typical iron mine region in Anshan had been collected to determine total content of Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn and Ni. The single pollution index, Nemerow pollution index and potential ecological risk index were adopted to evaluate the pollution degree of iron mine region, and the correlation between elements was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient to explore the source of pollution. The result showed that value of Cd and Ni surpassed the Chinese soil quality standard class Ⅱ (GB 15618-1995) slightly, while Pb, Zn and Cu not surpass the standard. Pb, Zn and Cu accumulation took place in mining region. According to the standard, the soil heavy metal content of research region was in light pollution status and the single factor pollution index for each heavy metal followed the order of Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu > Pb, which demonstrated alert degree of Cd, Ni and non-polluting of others. Additionally, an Igeo value of 2.85 for Cd reflected a moderated pollution. The potential ecological risk index showed the studied area showed higher ecological risk of heavy metals, RI value was 381.74 and the major contribution factor was Cd. Correlation analysis showed that the five heavy metals were all related to the mining activities. Cd was obviously affected by iron mining.