Abstract: A high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore contains 1.31% phosphorus, which exists in the form of apatite. Thermodynamic analysis, analog calculation, and experimental verification methods were used to study the reduction behavior of apatite in the ore. The results showed that the apatite in oolitic hematite ore could be reduced at the predetermined temperatures, and the participation of oxides in reduction reaction decreased the initial reaction temperature. Increasing the temperature and C/O molar ratio or extending the reduction time were in favor of apatite. The reduction degree of apatite reached 78.57% when the high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore was reduced at 1 548 K with a C/O molar ratio of 2.0 and 50 min reduction. The above research will provide guidance for the selection of the phosphorus transformation in coal-based reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore.