Abstract: The big data of mining wastes of 20 ore types from 12 366 mines in China were studied. Relationships among mullocks, tailings and concentrates were interpreted by the concepts of mullocks discharge intensity and tailings discharge intensity. Recycling levels of mining and processing wastes were summarized. The results showed that the grades of major ores are relatively low, which results in enormous waste rocks and tailings generated during mining and processing process. Moreover, the weighted average utilization ratio of waste rocks and tailings are about 17.77% and 18.97%, representatively. The paper proposes a trinity-based comprehensive evaluation method based on resource attributes-environmental effects, and technological economics, and establishes classification recommendations for harmless disposal of tailings and waste rock, effective protection and rational use.