Abstract: The advent of global technological revolution and industrial transformation has led to the emergence of high-tech rare earths resources as a major strategic layout. The strategic adjustment of rare earths in major countries has become a global focus. Based on the case study of rare earths strategy adjustment process between China and the United States, Japan and the major western countries before and after WTO, this paper constructs the evolution path model of rare earths strategy in China and the West. The experience of major countries such as the United States, Japan and the European Union can provide reference for further development of rare earths strategy in China. Based on the promotion of rare earths industry restructuring, China should focus on strengthening the technological innovation of high value-added applications in downstream industries; improve the formation of rare earths prices; and actively participating in the development of international trade rules.