Abstract: A rare earth-bearing apatite assaying 2.48% REO and 19.73% P₂O₅ is studied in this paper. A combined beneficiation-metallurgy process is developed to recover rare earth and phosphorus from the apatite. Firstly, the process of flotation-magnetic separation is conducted to obtain a mixed rare earth-phosphorus concentrate. Then two technical routes of chemical beneficiation-acidification-water leaching-precipitating rare earth and decalcification-ammonia neutralization-evaporation and granulation are adopted to recover rare earth and phosphorus with the gypsum as the by-products. The results show that the rare earth oxide products contain 98.31% REO, and the REO recoveries of beneficiation and metallurgy process are 62.66% (without Nb-Fe concentrate) and 86.70%, respectively. The phosphate fertilizer contains 14.8% P₂O₅ and 15.3% total nitrogen. The phosphorus recoveries of beneficiation and metallurgy process are 83.09% and 85.24%, respectively. The rare earth-bearing apatite concentrate can be effectively treated by the new process with excellent technical parameters and high comprehensive utilization. Hence, the new process has a wide prospect in the industrial applications.